Importance of teaching prosocial skills in early childhood to strengthen mental health and student well-being

Abstract

Early childhood constitutes a decisive period for comprehensive development, as during these years the neurobiological, emotional, and social foundations that influence behavior and mental health throughout the life cycle are established. In this process, social skills such as empathy, cooperation, assertive communication, and conflict resolution act as essential protective factors for psychological well-being. However, these skills must be supported by prosocial behaviors, understood as voluntary actions intended to benefit others and help children build healthier and emotionally secure social relationships.

The objective of this article is to analyze the importance of developing prosocial skills in early childhood as a key strategy for promoting mental health. To achieve this, a qualitative documentary study was conducted based on a systematic review of scientific literature, postgraduate theses, indexed articles, and documents issued by local, national, and international organizations. This methodology made it possible to identify relevant theoretical contributions and empirical findings supporting the role of prosocial skills as a fundamental component of socioemotional development.

Results: The documentary review highlighted the central role of prosocial skills in strengthening socioemotional development and promoting positive mental health. The studies reviewed agree that the early teaching of prosocial behaviors, including empathy, courtesy, comforting, cooperation, and turn-taking, contributes to children’s ability to interact harmoniously with their environment. Furthermore, findings indicate that children who participate in structured prosocial education programs demonstrate higher levels of emotional well-being, better school adjustment, and a lower incidence of aggressive or disruptive behaviors, contributing to healthier developmental outcomes and stronger interpersonal relationships throughout childhood.